10 Breakthrough Technologies in 2020

A list for 10 breakthrough technologies prepared by MIT Technology Review in 2020 is below.
 
Unbreakable Internet: The Internet has inevitably infiltrated every aspect of our lives. This situation also creates security problems. In order to solve this problem, an internet infrastructure based on quantum physics is being developed in technology. A team led by Stephanie Wehner of Delft University of Technology is building a network that connects four cities in the Netherlands through only quantum technology. Messages sent over this network will not be hackable.
 
Hyper-Personalized Medicine: Some genetic diseases are so rare that, there is no enough information for the treatment of these diseases. Therefore, it is also difficult to move forward for the treatment of these diseases. At this point, new personalized drugs are being designed to treat these genetic disorders.
If a very rare disease is caused by a specific DNA defect, there is at least a fighting chance for a genetic fix now.
 
Digital Money: For a long time, news began to be made about Libra, which is expected to be launched by Facebook in 2021. Then the Estonian government started to produce crypto money under the name Estcoin. Also, Bitcoin started to receive huge investments. Various altcoins entered the markets. In Turkey, the Biga Project and Central Bank start to work with steps to accelerate the transition to digital money system.
This new money technology shows that the financial system will inevitably change.
 
Anti-Aging Drugs: Trying to prevent a natural aging process in the body, this technology has begun to be tested in humans. These drugs are not for longevity, but they are aimed at slowing (or reversing) aging process and treating illness in elderliness. It will be possible to prevent the aging process thanks to drugs called senolytics, which give positive results in experiments on animals in 2019. This also raises hope for preventing various diseases such as dementia, heart ailments and similar diseases that increase with age. Because "zombie" cells are formed in our bodies before old age. Zombie cells develop a mechanism that causes diseases in the brain and body in order to prevent cell death. The new generation technology seems to war on these zombie cells and diseases by them.
 
Artificial Intelligence (AI) Discovered Molecules: Scientists are now using AI to discover new drug-like compounds. The cost of commercializing a new drug is on average $ 2.5 billion. One reason is that the process of discovering promising molecules is extremely difficult. At this point, machine learning tools can make the discovery of molecules that could potentially be transformed into life-saving drugs faster and cheaper.
 
A research team at Hong Kong-based Insilico Medicine and the University of Toronto managed to synthesize several drug candidates found by artificial intelligence algorithms in this area.
 
Satellite Mega-Constellations: It is possible to perform space exploration with cheaper costs with mega satellite vehicles. In the early days when space shuttles began launching, a satellite into space cost about $ 24,800 per pound (almost twice of one kg). A small communications satellite weighing four tons cost about $ 200 million.
 
Today, costs of around $ 1,240 per pound can be done by a SpaceX with projects such as the Starlink satellite and Falcon 9.
 
Quantum Supremacy: Companies like Google and IBM are not slowing down in the quantum computing race. Quantum computers store and process data differently than we are all used to. While it can take thousands of years for even the most powerful classical supercomputer to crack the strongest cryptographic codes, it will be just a game for quantum computers. Because traditional computers perform operations with a binary number system (0 and 1, the system defined as bits), while quantum computers are equipped with a system of qubits that enable further operations.
For example, IBM's computer named Summit analyzed treatments that could stop the deaths of COVID-19 and scanned 8,000 drug compounds. Summit had reduced this data set to 77 in just two days.
Using normal computers, this process would take months.
 
Tiny Artificial Intelligence (AI): Tech giants and academic researchers are working on new algorithms to get smaller deep learning models. The new generation of special artificial intelligence chips want to success to use more computing power in narrower physical areas using much less energy. Giants in Tech such as Google, Apple, IBM and Amazon are leading these developments.
 
Differential Privacy: Differential privacy and privacy is a new cyber security approach model that aims to protect personal data much better than normal models. A mathematical technique that mindfully measures privacy will continue to be one of the most important investment areas for technology companies.
Countries such as Canada and the UK are trying to lead this field.
 
Climate Change Attribution: The group named World Weather Attribution is conducting research with high-resolution computer simulations of the world to prove that climate change is occurring. Thanks to the simulations that present detailed satellite data, increased computing power and scientific basis, the dangerous dimension of global warming can be revealed with statistical accuracy.
 
Experimental studies continue to spread the awareness of climate change and what kind of risks we should prepare for at this point.